FOOD MONITORING SYSTEM by using Arduino
FOOD MONITORING SYSTEM by using Arduino
The main purpose of
this project is to provide a combination of manual supervision and partial
automation in order to optimize and achieve maximum food growth and yield. The
purpose of the food monitoring system for large or small scale and make it
smarter and more effective.
Different sensors (MQ3 Sensor, LDR Sensor, DHT-11 Sensor, Arduino Uno)
with different another components (ESP8266 Wi-Fi, 16.2 LCD Screen, Connecting
Wires) have been used to make this project.
INTRODUCTION
One of the many reasons that cause approximately a
billion tons of food wastage yearly in the world is due to the poor management
of food storage warehouses. In Pakistan the problem is not food availability
but massive food wastage. As per FAO it was estimated that nearly 40% of the
food commodities is wasted in Pakistan due to spoilage. It was already
estimated that by 2050 the world would need 70% more food. However, the
pandemic effect seems to be making the situation much more difficult in the
coming years.
There are various factors that cause food decay, like
humidity, moisture, pests, hygiene, light intensity and temperature. It’s shown
that if the temperature of the storage is between 4.44°C to 60°C, then bacteria
double their number in every 20 minutes. Similarly, the humidity has to be
maintained approximately 50-55% to keep the quality intact. Hence, food
security needs to be treated as an extremely urgent issue.
Food safety and hygiene is a major concern in order to
prevent the food wastage. The Quality of the food needs to be monitored and it
must be prevented from rotting and decaying by the atmospheric factors like
temperature, humidity and dark. Therefore, it is useful to deploy quality
monitoring devices at food stores. These quality monitoring devices keep a
watch on the environmental factor that cause or pace up decay of the food.
Later, the environmental factors can be controlled like by refrigeration,
vacuum storage etc.
In this project, a similar food quality monitoring
device will be designed that will keep watch of environmental factors like
temperature, humidity, alcohol content and exposure to light. The device is
built on Arduino UNO which is a popular prototyping board. The Arduino board is
interfaced with various sensors like DHT-11 to monitor temperature and
humidity, MQ3 to detect alcohol content and LDR to measure exposure to light.
This is an IoT device and sends the measured sensor data to an IoT platform.
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Modem is interfaced with the Arduino to connect it to the
internet via Wi-Fi router. The sensor data is also displayed on a character LCD
interfaced with the Arduino UNO. The IoT platform used for logging and
monitoring of sensor data is Freeboard.io. With the power of Internet of
Things, the environmental factors affecting the food storage can be monitored
from anywhere, anytime and from any device.
Many such devices can be installed at a location for
better monitoring and quality control. The Arduino Sketch running over the
device implements the various functionalities of the project like reading
sensor data, converting them into strings, displaying them on character LCD and
passing them to the IoT platform. The Sketch is written, compiled and loaded
using the Arduino IDE.
Research
Objectives
The objectives to consider are:
Ø Food
safety and hygiene is a major concern in order to prevent the food wastage.
Ø The
Quality of the food needs to be monitored and it must be prevented from rotting
and decaying by the atmospheric factors like temperature, humidity and dark.
Therefore, it is useful to deploy quality monitoring devices at food stores.
Ø These
quality monitoring devices keep a watch on the environmental factor that cause
or pace up decay of the food.
Ø Automated system fully.
METHODOLOGY
The IoT based FQMS for fruits and vegetables
warehouses has three basic functions and the block diagram of FMS is shown in
Fig.
Monitoring
The physical parameters like light intensity, humidity
and temperature are constantly monitored in real time using sensors.
Controlling
The real time value from the sensor is compared to the
threshold values and brought back to the required value. List of fruits and
vegetable with their ambient requirements is given in table.
Tracking
The above two functions can be tracked using an app, which will also notify the user when the food gets spoiled, then the alarm will be alerted.
SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
To implement the Food Monitoring System following are
the requirements:
·
Hardware Needed
Arduino Uno board:
DHT11 Sensor:
LDR Sensor:
MQ3 Sensor:
It is used to sense the presence of alcohol using SnO2 as the sensitive material. The concentration of alcohol gas in the environment increases the conductivity of the sensing material, using which the alcohol presence in the environment can be determined.
Connecting Wires
Connecting Wires means those wires that connect the leg wire of one electric blasting cap with the leading wires, when blasting in ser
Piezo Buzzer
An Arduino buzzer is also called a piezo buzzer. It is
basically a tiny speaker that you can connect directly to an Arduino. You
can make it sound a tone at a frequency you set. The buzzer produces sound
based on reverse of the piezoelectric effect.
LCD
The LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of display
that uses the liquid crystals for its operation. Here, we will accept the
serial input from the computer and upload the sketch to the Arduino. The
characters will be displayed on the LCD.
·
Software Needed
Arduino IDE (SOFTWARE):
It is free source Arduino software that helps to write codes and program Arduino board. This software is compatible with any type of Arduino board.
The Arduino
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application
(for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in functions from C and C++. ...
The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which
provides many common input and output procedures.
·
Web Platforms Needed
1) Thing-speak:
It is a free source that uses HTTP protocol to store or retrieve data from
things. The information can be used for further analysis in IoT application.
2) MIT app inventor:
It is a web application that allows the developer to create application
software for operating systems. It is easy to build fully functional apps as it
uses block- based programming.
Programming
Guide –
The
Arduino sketch manages to collect data from the DHT-11, MQ3 and LDR sensor,
convert sensor values to string, display them on character LCD and pass data to
the Thing-Speak server. First the standard open-source library of Arduino for
interfacing DHT11 is imported and software Serial library for serial
communication with the Wi-Fi module is imported. The variables representing pin
connections to read the sensor data are initialized.
Code
of the Program:
#include
<Wire.h>
#include
<DHT.h>
#include
<DHT_U.h>
#include
<LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C
lcd=LiquidCrystal_I2C(0x27,16,2);
#define
DHTPIN 2
#define
DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT
dht(DHTPIN,DHTTYPE);
#define
SPOILAGE 120 // Define max value that
we consider sPOILAGE
#define
FRESH 400 // Define min value that we
consider FRESH
#define
MQ3pin 0
Void
setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(9600);
Lcd.init();
Lcd.backlight();
Dht.begin();
Serial.println(“MQ3 warming up!”);
Delay(20000); // allow the MQ3 to warm up
}
Void
loop() {
// put your main code here, to run
repeatedly:
Float h = dht.readHumidity();
// READ TEMPERATURE IN CELCIUS
Float t = dht.readTemperature();
// READ TEMPERATURE IN FAHRENHEIT
Float f = dht.readTemperature(true);
String output= “Temperature “+ String(t) +”C
or “+ String(f) +”F and Humidity “+ String(h) +”%”;
Serial.println(output);
Float sensorValue; //variable to store sensor value
sensorValue = analogRead(MQ3pin); // read
analog input pin 0
Serial.print(“Sensor Value: “);
Serial.print(sensorValue);
// Determine the status
If (sensorValue < SPOILAGE) {
Serial.println(“ |
Status: Stone SPOILAGE”);
Lcd.setCursor(0,0);
Lcd.print(“
| Status: Stone SPOILAGE”);
} else if (sensorValue >= SPOILAGE
&& sensorValue < FRESH) {
Serial.println(“ |
Status: EAT but within legal limits”);
} else {
Serial.println(“ |
Status: FRESH”);
Lcd.setCursor(0,0);
Lcd.print(“
| Status: FRESH”);
}
Future
Scope
Ø This application
is used by farmers to detect how much time their food stay fresh.
Ø With the use of
this application users can also determine the test of food.
Ø The user can also
get output in the form of voice by attaching speaker with circuit.
Ø User can also
detect inhabitant food.
CONCLUSION
Food wastage is one of the crucial crises in the
world. One of the main reasons of food wastage is improper warehouse management
and this is a solvable problem to an extent with the current technological
advancement. Over referring to different researches and solutions to this
problem, we have come to a realization that the field of IoT can provide a very
efficient solution to this problem. Therefore, we have discussed a food quality
monitoring system based on IoT that will control different environmental
factors such as light intensity, humidity and temperature that are necessary to
be maintained at a threshold value to prevent the food from spoilage. It also
provides a user interface through an app where they can monitor the light
intensity se parameters and at the same time get alerts when the food is
spoiled or if there is a fire hazard.
ACKNOWLEDEGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who
gave me the possibility to complete this report. Special thanks is due to my
supervisor Mr. Ubaid and Mrs. Muddasira
Riaz whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement helped me in all
time of fabrication process and in writing this report. I also sincerely thanks
for the time spent proofreading and correcting my many mistakes.
I would also like to
acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the all my group
members, who helped me in completing this project.
REFERENCES
·
Rohan Wagle, Mayur Shah, Aditya Kadam
& Ramgopal Sahu, “A Survey on Monitoring and Control System for Food
Storage using IoT”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer
and Communication Engineering, May 2017, Vol. 5, Issue 5.
·
B. Ravi Chander, P.A. Lovina & G.
Shiva Kumari, “Food Quality Monitoring System by using Arduino”, Journal of engineering
sciences, Apr 2020, Vol. 11 Issue 4.
·
Arduino.cc.
(2018). Arduino – Introduction:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction.
·
Naveed Shahzad, Usman Khalid, Atif Iqbal,
Meezan-UrRahman, “eFresh – a Device to Detect Food Freshness”, International
Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), September 2018, Vol. 8 Issue
3.
·
SSRG, S. (2017). Engineering Science and
Technology Journals, SSRG International Journal. [online] Internationaljournalssrg.org.
Available at: http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org
·
Fu Ying, Li Fengquan, “Application of
internet of things to the Monitoring System for Food Quality safety”,
·
Arresearchpublication.com. (2017).
Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: http://www.arresearchpublication.com/images/shortpdf/1478954748_161_ijeee
.pdf
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